Cộng hòa đại nghị – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

Country

Formerly

Parliamentary republic adopted

Head of state elected by

Cameral structure
 Albania

One-party state

1991

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Austria

One-party state (as part of Đức Quốc xã, see Anschluss)

1945

Direct election, by second-round system

Bicameral
 Bangladesh

Presidential republic

1991^{[note 1]}
Parliament

Unicameral
 Bosnia and Herzegovina

One-party state (part of Nam Tư)

1991

Direct election, by second-round system

Bicameral
 Botswana

British protectorate (Bechuanaland Protectorate)

1966

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
Bulgaria

One-party state

1989

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
Croatia

One-party state (part of Nam Tư)

2000

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Czech Republic

One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)

1993

Direct election, by second-round system (since 2013; previously parliament, by majority)

Bicameral
 Dominica

Associated state of the United Kingdom

1978

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Estonia

One-party state (part of Liên Xô)

1991^{[note 2]}
Parliament, by two-thirds majority

Unicameral
 Ethiopia

One-party state

1991

Parliament, by two-thirds majority

Bicameral
 Fiji

Military dictatorship

2014

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Finland

Semi-presidential republic

2000^{[note 3]}
Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Đức

One-party state

1949^{[note 4]}
Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority

Bicameral
 Greece

Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy

1975

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Hungary

One-party state

1990

Parliament, by absolute majority

Unicameral
 Iceland

Formerly part of Denmark; Constitutional monarchy

1944

Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote

Unicameral
 India

Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)

1950

Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote

Bicameral
 Iraq

One-party state

2005

Parliament, by two-thirds majority

Unicameral^[1] Ireland

Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)

1949^{[note 5]}
Direct election, by instant-runoff vote

Bicameral
 Israel

Protectorate (part of British Mandate of Palestine)

1948

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Italy

Constitutional monarchy

1946

Parliament, by absolute majority

Bicameral
 Kiribati

Protectorate

1979

Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote

Unicameral
 Kyrgyzstan

Presidential republic

2010

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Latvia

One-party state (part of Liên Xô)

1991^{[note 6]}
Parliament

Unicameral
 Lebanon

Protectorate (French mandate of Lebanon)

1941

Parliament

Unicameral
Macedonia

One-party state (part of the Nam Tư)

1991

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Malta

Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)

1974

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Marshall Islands

UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

1979

Parliament

Bicameral
 Mauritius

Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)

1992

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
Bản mẫu:Country data Micronesia, Federated States of

UN Trust Territory (Part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

1986

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Moldova

Semi-presidential republic

2001

Parliament, by three-fifths majority

Unicameral
 Montenegro

One-party state (Part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)

1992

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Myanmar

Military dictatorship

2010

Parliament, by an electoral college

Bicameral
 Nauru

Australian Trust Territory

1968

Parliament

Unicameral
   Nepal

Constitutional monarchy

2015^{[note 7]}
Parliament and state legislators

Bicameral^[2] Pakistan

Semi-presidential republic

2010^[3][4]
Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote

Bicameral
Ba Lan

One-party state

1990

Direct election, by second-round system

Bicameral
 Samoa

Constitutional monarchy

2007

Parliament

Unicameral
 San Marino

Autocracy (part of the Roman Empire)

301

Parliament

Unicameral
 Serbia

One-party state (part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)

1991

Direct election, by second-round system

Unicameral
 Singapore

Constitutional monarchy (part of Malaysia)

1965

Direct election (since 1993)

Unicameral
Slovakia

One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)

1993

Direct election, by second-round system (since 1999; previously py parliament)

Unicameral
 Slovenia

One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)

1991

Direct election, by second-round system

Bicameral
 Somalia

One-party state

2012^{[note 8]}
Parliament

Bicameral
 South Africa

Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)

1961

Parliament, by majority

Bicameral
 Suriname

Military dictatorship

1987

Parliament, by majority

Unicameral
 Thụy Sĩ

Confederation

1848

Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority

Bicameral
 Trinidad and Tobago

Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)

1976

Parliament

Bicameral
 Turkey

One-party state

1946

Direct election (since 2014, previously by parliament)

Unicameral
 Vanuatu

British–French condominium (New Hebrides)

1980

Parliament and regional council presidents, by majority

Unicameral