Country
Formerly
Parliamentary republic adopted
Head of state elected by
Cameral structure
Albania
One-party state
1991
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Austria
One-party state (as part of Đức Quốc xã, see Anschluss)
1945
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Bangladesh
Presidential republic
1991[note 1]
Parliament
Unicameral
Bosnia and Herzegovina
One-party state (part of Nam Tư)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Botswana
British protectorate (Bechuanaland Protectorate)
1966
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Bulgaria
One-party state
1989
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Croatia
One-party state (part of Nam Tư)
2000
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Czech Republic
One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)
1993
Direct election, by second-round system (since 2013; previously parliament, by majority)
Bicameral
Dominica
Associated state of the United Kingdom
1978
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Estonia
One-party state (part of Liên Xô)
1991[note 2]
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Unicameral
Ethiopia
One-party state
1991
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Bicameral
Fiji
Military dictatorship
2014
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Finland
Semi-presidential republic
2000[note 3]
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Đức
One-party state
1949[note 4]
Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority
Bicameral
Greece
Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy
1975
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Hungary
One-party state
1990
Parliament, by absolute majority
Unicameral
Iceland
Formerly part of Denmark; Constitutional monarchy
1944
Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote
Unicameral
India
Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)
1950
Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
Iraq
One-party state
2005
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Unicameral[1]
Ireland
Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)
1949[note 5]
Direct election, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
Israel
Protectorate (part of British Mandate of Palestine)
1948
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Italy
Constitutional monarchy
1946
Parliament, by absolute majority
Bicameral
Kiribati
Protectorate
1979
Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote
Unicameral
Kyrgyzstan
Presidential republic
2010
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Latvia
One-party state (part of Liên Xô)
1991[note 6]
Parliament
Unicameral
Lebanon
Protectorate (French mandate of Lebanon)
1941
Parliament
Unicameral
Macedonia
One-party state (part of the Nam Tư)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Malta
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1974
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Marshall Islands
UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
1979
Parliament
Bicameral
Mauritius
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1992
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Bản mẫu:Country data Micronesia, Federated States of
UN Trust Territory (Part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
1986
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Moldova
Semi-presidential republic
2001
Parliament, by three-fifths majority
Unicameral
Montenegro
One-party state (Part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)
1992
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Myanmar
Military dictatorship
2010
Parliament, by an electoral college
Bicameral
Nauru
Australian Trust Territory
1968
Parliament
Unicameral
Nepal
Constitutional monarchy
2015[note 7]
Parliament and state legislators
Bicameral[2]
Pakistan
Semi-presidential republic
2010[3][4]
Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
Ba Lan
One-party state
1990
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Samoa
Constitutional monarchy
2007
Parliament
Unicameral
San Marino
Autocracy (part of the Roman Empire)
301
Parliament
Unicameral
Serbia
One-party state (part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Singapore
Constitutional monarchy (part of Malaysia)
1965
Direct election (since 1993)
Unicameral
Slovakia
One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)
1993
Direct election, by second-round system (since 1999; previously py parliament)
Unicameral
Slovenia
One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Somalia
One-party state
2012[note 8]
Parliament
Bicameral
South Africa
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1961
Parliament, by majority
Bicameral
Suriname
Military dictatorship
1987
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Thụy Sĩ
Confederation
1848
Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority
Bicameral
Trinidad and Tobago
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1976
Parliament
Bicameral
Turkey
One-party state
1946
Direct election (since 2014, previously by parliament)
Unicameral
Vanuatu
British–French condominium (New Hebrides)
1980
Parliament and regional council presidents, by majority
Unicameral
Formerly
Parliamentary republic adopted
Head of state elected by
Cameral structure
One-party state
1991
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
One-party state (as part of Đức Quốc xã, see Anschluss)
1945
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Presidential republic
1991[note 1]
Parliament
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Nam Tư)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
British protectorate (Bechuanaland Protectorate)
1966
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
One-party state
1989
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Nam Tư)
2000
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)
1993
Direct election, by second-round system (since 2013; previously parliament, by majority)
Bicameral
Associated state of the United Kingdom
1978
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Liên Xô)
1991[note 2]
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Unicameral
One-party state
1991
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Bicameral
Military dictatorship
2014
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Semi-presidential republic
2000[note 3]
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
One-party state
1949[note 4]
Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority
Bicameral
Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy
1975
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
One-party state
1990
Parliament, by absolute majority
Unicameral
Formerly part of Denmark; Constitutional monarchy
1944
Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote
Unicameral
Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)
1950
Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
One-party state
2005
Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Unicameral[1]
Constitutional monarchy (British Dominion)
1949[note 5]
Direct election, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
Protectorate (part of British Mandate of Palestine)
1948
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Constitutional monarchy
1946
Parliament, by absolute majority
Bicameral
Protectorate
1979
Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote
Unicameral
Presidential republic
2010
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Liên Xô)
1991[note 6]
Parliament
Unicameral
Protectorate (French mandate of Lebanon)
1941
Parliament
Unicameral
One-party state (part of the Nam Tư)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1974
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
1979
Parliament
Bicameral
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1992
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Bản mẫu:Country data Micronesia, Federated States of
UN Trust Territory (Part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
1986
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Semi-presidential republic
2001
Parliament, by three-fifths majority
Unicameral
One-party state (Part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)
1992
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Military dictatorship
2010
Parliament, by an electoral college
Bicameral
Australian Trust Territory
1968
Parliament
Unicameral
Constitutional monarchy
2015[note 7]
Parliament and state legislators
Bicameral[2]
Semi-presidential republic
2010[3][4]
Parliament and state legislators, by instant-runoff vote
Bicameral
One-party state
1990
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
Constitutional monarchy
2007
Parliament
Unicameral
Autocracy (part of the Roman Empire)
301
Parliament
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Nam Tư, and after Serbia and Montenegro)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Unicameral
Constitutional monarchy (part of Malaysia)
1965
Direct election (since 1993)
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Tiệp Khắc)
1993
Direct election, by second-round system (since 1999; previously py parliament)
Unicameral
One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)
1991
Direct election, by second-round system
Bicameral
One-party state
2012[note 8]
Parliament
Bicameral
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1961
Parliament, by majority
Bicameral
Military dictatorship
1987
Parliament, by majority
Unicameral
Confederation
1848
Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority
Bicameral
Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
1976
Parliament
Bicameral
One-party state
1946
Direct election (since 2014, previously by parliament)
Unicameral
British–French condominium (New Hebrides)
1980
Parliament and regional council presidents, by majority
Unicameral
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